As a global environmental problem, air pollution appeared after the UK Industrial Revolution during 18ᵗʰ-19ᵗʰ centuries and the increasing phenomenon continues dramatically in the 21ˢᵗ century. Clearly, the developed oil and gas industry, spanning almost 150 years history and industrialized cities of the Soviet period, such as Baku, Sumgait, and Ganja have made Azerbaijan vulnerable to air pollution. As a growing tendency, atmosphere pollution and its serious reasons of such as the burning of fossil fuel, agricultural activity, and infrastructural projects cause severe damages to human health.
The primary cause of air pollution is burning of fossil fuel. As a developing country, Azerbaijan has improved at the international transportation system. According to the SSCRA statistics, conveyance of passengers in transport sectors increased dramatically from 800000 to 1800000 during 2000-2014, and it indicates that more transfer operations cause more energy combustion. Moreover, Azerbaijan has been specialized as oil and gas producer country, therefore, the processing of energy resources and chemical industry lead to spreading of toxic substances into the atmosphere.
The second cause of atmosphere pollution is agricultural activity. As known, ammonia is a widespread substance at the farms, moreover, it is one of the most hazardous gasses in the atmosphere. Clearly, Azerbaijan carries out multi-profile measures on the reliable supply of food of the population, as a result, more growing of agricultural products increases chemicals in the air. Furthermore, the use of pesticides and fertilizers in the agricultural activities can also cause air pollution.
The main reason of air contamination is infrastructural projects which are realized by the government. The urbanization process has been going on for several decades in the major cities of Azerbaijan such as Baku, Sumgait, and Ganja. Logically, the development of urban life demands construction and it affects deforestation in the cities. In addition, due to desertification, the amount of oxygen declines considerably; in contrast, carbon dioxide increases in the air. Since the significant highways are set up in the highlands of the country, consequently such reestablishing projects affect negatively the ecological system.
The most important effect of air pollution is health problems. According to the World Health Ranking reports, the coronary heart and lung diseases are included to top death causes in Azerbaijan which is directly related to the serious reasons of air pollution. Consequently, approximately 19.034 death rates were calculated for the coronary heart and nearly 1.902 people died due to lung diseases. The urgent alarm indicates that several thousand people are known to have died due to direct or indirect effects of air pollution.
To sum up, because of the burning of fossil fuel, agricultural activities, and infrastructural projects humans suffer from negative effects of air pollution such as health problems. It is predicted that the level of atmosphere contamination will decrease in next decades due to governmental complex operations such as "On the Protection of Atmosphere Air Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan". My recommendation is people should use public transportation and apply recycling concepts in order to decrease air pollution in Azerbaijan.
Reference list:
http://www.stat.gov.az/source/transport/indexen.php
http://www.worldlifeexpectancy.com/country-health-profile/azerbaijan
http://www.eco.gov.az/qanunlar.php
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